Amayeza engqondo

Xa umntwana okanye umntu omdala engeniswa kwisibhedlele seengqondo esilaliswe esibhedlele, oko kuthetha ukuba uphakathi kwengxaki kwaye usemngciphekweni woku:

– ukulahlekelwa ngabahlobo babo

– ukungaphumeleli esikolweni

– ukwala ukuya esikolweni

– ukubaleka ekhaya

– ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo imini nobusuku 

– ukungathobeli, ukungahloniphi, ukungamameli abantu abanegunya 

Abantwana okanye abantu abadala banokuba:

– ukuba nomsindo oqhumayo

– ukwenza ngokungxama

– ukuzibandakanya kwiindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi

– ukuzibandakanya kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezikwenzakalisayo

- ukuziva iingcinga zokuzibulala 

Ukuthatha kokuqala:

Amayeza engqondo akhona ukunceda umntwana okanye umntu omdala ukuba akwazi ukufunda izakhono zokumelana neengxaki. Ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha kunye neempawu aziphenduli kunyango lodwa - ukuba umntu unqwenela ukuzilimaza okanye ukwenzakalisa abanye, okanye uxinezelekile ziingcinga zokuzibulala okanye ezimbi, okanye unomsindo ovuthayo, akanakukwazi ukufunxa okanye ukusebenzisa izakhono zokumelana neengxaki azifundiswayo. 

Ukuthatha okwesibini: 

Ezinye izifo zengqondo ezifana ne-bipolar disorder kunye ne-schizophrenia aziphenduli kunyango lodwa kwaye zinokukhula ngamandla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba ulinda ukunyangwa ngamayeza, iimpawu zihlala zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye emva koko udinga amayeza amaninzi kunye needosi eziphezulu zokunyanga iimpawu. 

Uhambo lwesithathu lokuthatha:

Amayeza engqondo avumela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ukuba babuyele kwisiseko sabo sempilo esiqhelekileyo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nto leyo injongo yonyango. 

Kule vidiyo ye-@Ask_DrK_MD, uGqr. K uphendula lo mbuzo: Kutheni uthatha amayeza engqondo ukongeza kunyango?

Isizathu sokuqala: Amayeza engqondo anokunyanga iimpawu ngokukhawuleza ukunceda umntwana okanye umntu omdala abuyele kwisiseko esisempilweni ngokukhawuleza! Oko kuthetha ukuba abantwana babuyela kubomi babo besiqhelo ngokukhawuleza - ukuphoswa kancinci sisikolo okanye umngcipheko omncinci wokuphinda amanqaku okanye ikholeji yokulibaziseka. 

Isizathu sesibini: Amayeza engqondo anokunceda umntwana okanye umntu omdala afunde aze akwazi ukusebenzisa izakhono zokumelana neengxaki.

Isizathu sesithathu nesibaluleke kakhulu: Amayeza engqondo anokuthintela izifo zengqondo kunye neempawu ukuba zingabi mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zibe nzima ngakumbi ukunyanga ukuze kuncedwe umntwana okanye umntu omdala abuyele kwisiseko sakhe esisempilweni esingenazo iimpawu.

Ungaze ulibale ukuba ezi zifo zinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zisenokunganyangeki okanye zifune amayeza amaninzi okunyanga iimpawu ezinzima ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. 

Kule vidiyo ka-@Ask_DrK_MD, uGqr. K uthetha ngexesha apho unyango lodwa lucetyiswa khona.

Unyango luthatha ixesha elide kuneyeza ukusebenza. Kungathatha iinyanga ezili-9 ukunyanga ukudakumba ngonyango lokuthetha kuphela. 

Ukuba iimpawu kunye nokuziphatha kukhulu, awufuni ukubeka umntwana esichengeni sokumiswa esikolweni okanye umntu omdala alahlekelwe ngumsebenzi wakhe. 

Ezinye izifo zengqondo ezifana ne-bipolar disorder kunye ne-schizophrenia zinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zingabi nanyango ukuba ulinda ukuqala unyango lwamayeza.

Ngoko ke, xa uneempawu okanye iimpawu eziqatha ngakumbi, kunokuba nzima ukuzama unyango wedwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lwengqondo. 

Umbuzo obalulekileyo omele ubuze: Iyintoni ingozi yokungasebenzisi amayeza kunye nokuziphatha okunomngeni okanye okungakhuselekanga okuqhubeka ixesha elide ukuba ugqiba ekubeni uzame unyango wedwa kuqala?

Kule vidiyo ka-@Ask_DrK_MD, uGqr. K uthetha ngendlela unyango kunye namayeza engqondo asebenzisana ngayo.

Amayeza anceda umntwana okanye umntu omdala ukuba athathe inxaxheba kunyango aze afunde izakhono zokumelana neengxaki. 

Ezinye iimpawu zisabela kuphela kumayeza anjengomsindo ogqithisileyo kunye nokuqhuma okukhulu, iingcinga zokuzibulala, i-paranoia, i-psychosis, ukuva amazwi kunye nokubona izinto.  

Umntu onomsindo oqhumayo ufuna unyango lomsindo oqhumayo ngaphambi kokuba aqalise unyango kuba umsindo oqhumayo uya kuphazamisana neeseshoni zonyango.

Okanye, umntu ova amazwi okanye ophakuzelayo akanakwenza unyango kuba eva amazwi okanye ephakuzelayo kakhulu ukuba angamthemba loo gqirha. 

Ngamanye amaxesha udinga amayeza onyango ukuze usebenze ngokwenene! 

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze xa usenza isigqibo sokuba ingaba amayeza ayafuneka na: 

1. Wena okanye umntwana wakho nifuna ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ukukhululeka kwiimpawu okanye iindlela zokuziphatha?

2. Ngaba wena okanye umntwana wakho ningakwazi ukuzibandakanya kunyango ngaphandle konyango lwamayeza? 

Kule vidiyo ka-@Ask_DrK_MD, uGqr. K uthetha ngendlela amayeza engqondo anceda ngayo. 

Xa umntu enesifo sengqondo, oko kuthetha ukuba umntu uneengxaki zokungalingani kweekhemikhali engqondweni yakhe, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iihomoni zakhe zengqondo (okanye ii-neurotransmitters) azilingani. 

Umzekelo, ukuba umntu uxinezelekile, oko kuthetha ukuba umntu akanayo i-serotonin eyaneleyo engqondweni yakhe. 

Nangona kunjalo, amayeza okudakumba awagcini nje ngokunyusa i-serotonin engqondweni, kodwa aphinda alinganise i-serotonin engqondweni. Ngoko ke ekugqibeleni, abantu abaninzi basenokungadingi amayeza kwixesha elizayo. 

Kule vidiyo ye-@Ask_DRK_MD, uGqr. K uphendula lo mbuzo: Ngaba amayeza eengqondo ayakuthintela ukuba izifo zengqondo zingabi mandundu?

 Ewe! Amayeza engqondo anokuthintela izifo ukuba zingabi mandundu okanye zikhule ngokupheleleyo ukuba zinyangwa kwangethuba.

Ukuba azinyangwa kwangethuba, izifo zengqondo ziya ziqina ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Xa umntwana esemncinci eneempawu zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba, umsindo oqhumayo okanye iminqweno yokuzibulala - kokukhona umntwana esengozini yokuba iimpawu zakhe ziwohloke ngexesha lokufikisa.

Ukudakumba ebuntwaneni kunokukhokelela ekubeni yi-bipolar disorder ngexesha lokufikisa kwaye mhlawumbi kube yi-schizophrenia xa umntu emdala. 

Eyona nto inzima kukuba iimpawu zengqondo zingaba zingabonakali kwaye zingacacanga ukuba zeziphi izifo zengqondo ezikhula kumntwana okanye kumntwana ofikisayo.

Injongo yamayeza engqondo kukuthintela isifo sengqondo ukuba singabi mandundu.

Isifo sengqondo sibangela ukukruneka kwengqondo. Ingqondo inokudumba ngenxa yeehomoni zobuchopho ezingalinganiyo.

Amayeza afana nebhandishi yokuxhasa ingqondo. Ayifihli ingxaki kodwa iyanciphisa ukudumba kwaye inyange iimpawu zeengcinga zokuzibulala, umsindo, ukungabi namdla, ukungakwazi ukulala, okanye ukuziphatha okuphazamisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla. 

Izigulo zonyango zinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo. Ukuba uhamba ngeqatha elikruneke kakhulu ngaphandle konyango unokubangela umonakalo omkhulu eqakaleni kwaye mhlawumbi ubangele umonakalo ongunaphakade. Kunjalo nakwizigulo ezifana ne-bipolar disorder kunye ne-schizophrenia. Ngaphandle konyango lwangethuba, iimpawu ze-bipolar disorder kunye ne-schizophrenia zinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zibe nzima ukuzinyanga. Unyango lwangethuba lunokuthintela ezi zifo ukuba zingabi mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye lwandise amathuba okuchacha ngokupheleleyo.

Inqaku Eliphambili: Izifo zengqondo zizifo zonyango. Ngendlela efanayo naleyo iimpawu zonyango ezingafanele zityeshelwe ngayo, iimpawu zengqondo nazo kufuneka zithathwe nzulu. 

Amayeza engqondo awasebenzi njengeTylenol. Ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu uze uthathe iTylenol, iya kuyiphelisa intloko yakho kwimizuzu embalwa.

Amayeza engqondo afuna ixesha ukuze akheke emzimbeni wakho, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuthatha ixesha ukuba asebenze kakuhle. 

Usenokungafumani kuphumla ngokupheleleyo kwiimpawu zakho kangangeeveki ezi-6-8 okanye usenokungaziboni iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kangangeentsuku ezi-5, iiveki ezi-2, okanye iinyanga ezi-2! 

Ukuze amayeza engqondo asebenze, udinga izinto ezi-3: 

1. Idosi yonyango yeyeza
2. Hlala usebenzisa idosi yonyango iiveki ezi-6-8
3. Musa ukusela amayeza asebenza ngokuchasene nelinye iyeza olisebenzisayo

Kule vidiyo ethi Buza uGqr. K, uGqr. K uphendula umbuzo othi yintoni iyeza le-bridge? 

Xa umntwana okanye umntu omdala ephakathi kwengxaki (ukugqabhuka komsindo okanye iingcinga zokuzibulala) njengaxa ungeniswe kwisibhedlele sengqondo - ngelixa ulinde ukuba amayeza aphambili engqondo asebenze - anokuthatha naphi na ukusuka kwiveki ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2 nangaphezulu - sinyanga iimpawu ezifana nokugqabhuka komsindo okanye ukuziphatha okuzilimazayo ngamayeza e-bridge okwethutyana. 

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuba iyeza libangela iingcinga zokuzibulala, njengeyeza lokudakumba, kwaye nangona uliyekile – kungathatha iveki yonke ukuphuma emzimbeni womntu. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kweyeza lokudakumba, kufana nokuba loo mntu usathatha elo yeza iveki enye ebangela iingcinga zakhe zokuzibulala. Sidinga elo yeza lokudakumba ukunyanga iingcinga zokuzibulala kunye nokuphelisa i-antidepressant.

Kule vidiyo ye-@Ask_DrK_MD, uGqr. K uthetha ngento ethethwa ngamayeza engqondo e-PRN.

I-PRN ithetha "njengoko kufuneka".

Kwenzeka ntoni xa umntu elinde amayeza akhe emihla ngemihla okunyanga iimpawu zakhe aze abe noloyiko, iingcinga zokuzibulala, iminqweno yokuzenzakalisa, okanye ukubhoboza udonga? Kulapho ke simnika amayeza e-PRN. 

Amayeza e-PRN akasebenzisi izakhono zokumelana neengxaki endaweni yokusebenzisa izakhono zokumelana neengxaki. Amayeza e-PRN engqondo asetyenziswa xa umntwana okanye umntu omdala engakwazi ukusebenzisa izakhono zokumelana neengxaki.

Iyeza le-PRN lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umnqweno wokuzibulala okanye umsindo okanye uloyiko ukuze umntwana okanye umntu omdala akwazi ukuzola ngokwaneleyo ukuze asebenzise isakhono sokumelana neengxaki.

Eyona njongo iphambili, xa iimpawu zizinzile, kukuba umntu asebenzise izakhono zokumelana neengxaki endaweni yeyeza le-PRN. 

Kule vidiyo ka-@Ask_DrK_MD, uGqr. K uthetha ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza e-PRN.

Ukuba umntu unengxaki yokulala – i-PRN Melatonin okanye iBenadryl okanye iClonidine ngamayeza okulala angengomlutha. 

Ukuba umntu uneengcinga zokuzibulala eziphazamisayo okanye eziphazamisayo – amayeza e-PRN afana neZyprexa okanye iThorazine okanye iHaldol anokujolisa kwiingcinga zokuzibulala eziphazamisayo ukuze umntwana okanye umntu omdala akhuseleke.

Ukuba umntu ubetha intloko yakhe ngenxa yengcinga zakhe ezinkulu – i-PRN Haldol ingasebenza ngokukhawuleza ekujoliseni iingcinga eziphazamisayo. 

Ukuba umntu unomsindo oqhumayo – iPRN Thorazine okanye iZyprexa inokunceda ukunyanga umsindo ngexesha lokuthintela umntwana ekubetheni udonga okanye ekuzilimazeni okanye ekuzilimazeni omnye umntu ngenxa yomsindo wakhe oqatha othatha ingqondo yakhe. 

Ukuba umntu uphakuzela kwaye ekholelwa ukuba abanye bafuna ukumenzakalisa - i-PRN yayo nayiphi na into elwa nengqondo inokunceda ukunciphisa iphakuzela ngelo xesha kwaye incede umntu azive ekhuselekile. 

Injongo isoloko ikukukwazi ukuthintela umntu ukuba angabi nantlungu ngokungeyomfuneko. Zonke ezi mpawu zingasentla azinakunyangeka ngonyango lodwa. 

Kule vidiyo ye-@Ask_DrK_MD, uGqr. K uphendula lo mbuzo: Amayeza e-PRN anokunceda njani ekwenzeni uxilongo lwengqondo?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuxhalaba: 

Ixhala lisenokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kuwe – ndixhalabile ngento abantu abanokuyicinga ngam.

Okanye ixhala lokunxulumana nabantu linokuba yingxaki – ndikholelwa ukuba abanye bathetha ngam, bahleka ngam okanye bafunda ingqondo yam.

Okanye ixhala linokuba yinxalenye yesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder – inxalenye ye-mania ebangela imeko yokuvukwa kakhulu emzimbeni (ngesiYiddush sithi ukuba usebenzisa i-shpilkas). 

Ukuba unika umntu i-PRN Vistaril kwaye iyayinyanga ixhala, oko kunokunceda ekuxilongeni ixhala eliqhelekileyo.

Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, i-Vistaril PRN ayincedi ekunciphiseni ixhala, kodwa i-thorazine okanye i-Haldol iyayinyanga i-paranoia kunye neengcinga eziphazamisayo, oko kungaba ngumqondiso wokuba umntu usenokuba kwi-bipolar spectrum okanye unesifo sengqondo esikhulayo.

Kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa isifo kubantwana, kubantu abakwishumi elivisayo, kwanakwabantu abadala abancinci kuba izifo zikhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. 

Kule vidiyo ye-@Ask_DrK_MD, uGqr. K uphendula lo mbuzo: Yintoni amayeza athomalalisayo xa ethelekiswa namayeza avuselelayo?    

Iyeza lengqondo elisebenzayo likunika ithemba elingakumbi: 

Umzekelo omnye sisiyobisi esikhuthaza iimvakalelo. Kodwa, kwabanye abaguli abaneminyaka engama-24 nangaphantsi, isiyobisi esinokubangela ukuzibulala.

Omnye umzekelo weyeza elivuselelayo yi-Abilify (i-antipsychotic engaqhelekanga), ekwanyanga ukudakumba kwaye iyamangalisa ekunyangeni iimpawu ezimbi ezifana nokuzihlukanisa, ukurhoxa ebomini, ukungabikho kweemvakalelo okanye ukungakwazi ukufumana ulonwabo.

Amayeza engqondo athomalalisayo ayathomalalisa.

Abanye abantwana okanye abantu abadala baneemvakalelo ezininzi ezinjengomsindo, ukucaphuka, kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba.

Iyeza elithomalalisayo elifana neLithium okanye iDepakote (izinzisi zesiqhelo zemood), linokunceda ekujoliseni umsindo, ukudubuleka okunoburhalarhume. Okanye iRisperdal (i-antipsychotic engaqhelekanga) ingajolise kwiingcinga zokuzibulala okanye ezingalunganga, okanye ezingapheliyo ngelixa ikwathomalalisa imeko.

Zibuze le mibuzo ilandelayo: 

Ngaba mna okanye umntwana wam sifuna amandla angakumbi, uncedo lokuvuka ebhedini kunye nokukhuthaza? 

OR

Ngaba mna okanye umntwana wam sifuna uncedo lokunciphisa umsindo ogqithisileyo?